When a natural gas pipeline ruptures, the adjacent automatic line control valves should close quickly to prevent leakage or explosion. The differential pressure Set point at each valve position has an essential role for value determining in automatic line control valves action. This study focused on the differential pressure Set point values prediction for Setting automatic line control valves installed on a gas pipeline. The effect of characteristic parameters such as pipeline operational pressure and pipeline pressure drop rate due to major leak or abrupt rupture was experimentally examined on differential pressure Set point. 25 different conditions with double Set of typical indicated characteristic factors were selected. The differential pressure for any unique condition was measured in 180s time duration by analyzing the experimental outcomes, statistically. The differential pressure Set point increases by changing such as increase in pipeline pressure drop rate or decrease in pipeline operational pressure parameters. Due to applying nitrogen gas instead of natural gas on account of safety claiming, the differential pressure Set point results practically can be implemented by adding a 15% safety coefficient. The diagram of differential pressure Set point with respect to defined parameters was presented for different values of pipeline operational pressure.

This paper proposes an MPC-based (model predictive control) scheme to control active and reactive powers of DERs (distributed energy resources) in a grid-connected mode (either through a bus with its associated loads as a PCC (point of common coupling) or an MG (micro-grid)). DER may be a DG (distributed generation) or an ESS (energy storage system). In the proposed scheme, the Set-Points provided to MPC are forecast for future instances by a linear extrapolation to gain smooth active and reactive power exchange under various loading conditions (e. g. balanced / imbalanced, nonlinear and dynamic loading) and voltage imbalance imposed by the upstream grid. In this scheme active and reactive power control change to current control and the references of the currents are forecast. The stability of the proposed control scheme is analyzed and discussed. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by extensive time-domain simulations using PSCAD / EMTDC for various conditions (various loads, voltage imbalance, parallel operation with other DGs, parameter uncertainties and measurement noises) in several case studies. Comparing the obtained results with those of the two other schemes (PI-based and convectional MPC) shows the superiority of the proposed scheme.

We suggest a method for finding the non-dominated Points of the production possibility Set (PPS) with variable returns to scale (VRS) technology in data envelopment analysis (DEA). We present a multiobjective linear programming (MOLP) problem whose feasible region is the same as the PPS under variable returns to scale for generating non-dominated Points. We demonstrate that Pareto solutions of the MOLP produce efficient units in DEA, and vice versa. We solve the MOLP problem by using a finite number of weights which are extreme rays of the cone generated by the efficient solutions. We obtain new efficient Points by changing weights, and thus the efficient solutions Set are produced.

The Jun’s YεJ -fuzzy Set is applied to the Sheffer stroke BL-algebra, and the notions of an (∈, ∈)- YεJ -fuzzy quasisubalgebra and an (∈, ∈ ∨q)-YεJ -fuzzy quasi-subalgebra in Sheffer stroke BL-algebras are introduced, and several properties are explored. Characterizations of (∈, ∈)- YεJ - fuzzy quasi-subalgebras and (∈, ∈ ∨q)- YεJ -fuzzy quasisubalgebras are investigated, and the relationships between the fuzzy quasi-subalgebra, the (∈, ∈)- YεJ -fuzzy quasi- subalgebra and the (∈, ∈ ∨q)- YεJ -fuzzy quasisubalgebra are considered. Conditions for a fuzzy Set to be an (∈, ∈∨q)- YεJ -fuzzy quasi-subalgebra are displayed.